Our
legal system theoretically ensure access to justice for each and every citizen
of the county but in practice the door of justice is not open for disadvantaged
segment of the society. Though national and international law impose obligation
to the state to establish a legal system accessible to each and every member of
society but in reality fulfillment of this obligation is yet to be a far
reaching goal[1].
In
our adversarial legal system, poverty, inordinate delay high cost of
litigation, lack of legal aid mechanism and unavailability of alternative of
formal Justice delivery system are considered the roadblocks in the way of
access to justice.
Problem
in our Civil Justice System
Our judicial and legal system has been historically
nourished in the rich tradition of common law, and it can boast a long record
of good delivery of justice. Like any other legal system, common law with its
adversarial or accusatorial features, has its merits and demerits. But in
recent years certain objective and subjective factors have so combined as to
lead our judiciary to a situation where its demerits are overpowering the
merits. Manifesting is crippling backlogs and delays. Delayed justice reduces even
the winner of the litigation, for its costs in terms of time, money, every and
human emotions are too high[2].
The
reasons for delays in the functioning of our civil justice system are both
systemic and subjective. They may be identified as follows:
- Common law oriented adversarial or accusatorial character of the civil process as against inquisitorial as practiced in continental Europe, meaning that the litigation is a party controlled which provides wide maneuvering power to the lawyers and presupposes lesser initiative and relative passivity of the judges.
- Slow process of service of summons, which can be further slowed down by the intentions of the parties concerned indicating poor state of court administration.
- Too much reliance on the resort to interim injunctive relief and orders, leaning the hearing of the 'main contentions and